“Global demand for safe, affordable beef has increased during the last 50 years, and U.S. producers have responded by adopting innovative products and management practices that help them produce more lean beef,” said Jude Capper, Adjunct Professor at Washington State University and author of this peer-reviewed study. “If use of these scientifically proven, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved technologies were discontinued, our research shows the end result would be sobering: more cattle, more land, and more water needed to produce the same amount of beef, and more CO2eq released into the atmosphere.”
The research looked at two U.S. beef production systems that were identical in all ways but one: whether or not productivity-enhancing technologies were used. The Conventional System analyzed included FDA-approved ionophores, steroid implants, melengestrol acetate (MGA), and beta-adrenergic agonists used at current adoption rates. The No-Technology System did not use any of these products.
The researchers used a new whole-system environmental and natural resource model to determine the effects of using each system to produce the same amount of beef. This model included all inputs and outputs throughout beef production, from the manufacture of cropping inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) to the arrival of animals at the processor. They then fed the results into the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development model, which includes a greenhouse-gas assessment, to understand the global agricultural-production and trade consequences.
Analysis showed that producing the same amount of U.S. beef without using productivity-enhancing technologies would require these additional resources each and every year: 10 million more beef cattle, 17 million more acres of land for grazing and growing feed, 81 million more tons of cattle feed, and 138 billion more gallons of water. In the United States alone, 18 million more metric tons of CO2eq would be released into the atmosphere. These effects would be equivalent to imposing an 8.2% tax on U.S. beef farmers and ranchers, causing domestic beef production to be reduced by 17%.
If total global beef production stayed the same in this scenario, other countries would increase beef production. Within 15 years, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, and Australia would increase beef exports by 36%, 24%, 11%, and 5%, respectively. These four countries also would release 3.1 billion more metric tons of CO2eq.
