From June to July, maize and wheat rose by 25 per cent each, soybean by 17 per cent, and only rice went down, by 4 per cent. Overall, the World Bank's Food Price Index, which tracks the price of internationally-traded food commodities, was 6 per cent higher than in July of last year, and 1 per cent over the previous peak of February 2011.
"Food prices rose again sharply threatening the health and well-being of millions of people," said Jim Yong-Kim, president, World Bank Group. "Africa and the Middle East are particularly vulnerable, but so are people in other countries where the prices of grains have gone up abruptly."
Overall, food prices between April and July continued the volatile trend observed during the previous 12 months, which halted the sustained increases between mid-2010 and February 2011. Prices increased in April, came down in May and June, and sharply increased in July.
Sharp domestic price increases have continued in this quarter, especially in Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, experienced the highest price increases in maize, including 113 per cent in some markets in Mozambique. Meanwhile, the Sahel and eastern Africa regions experienced steep price increases of sorghum: 220 per cent in South Sudan, and 180 per cent in Sudan, for instance.
According to Food Price Watch, weather is the critical factor behind the abrupt global price increases in July. The drought in the US has resulted in vast damages to the summer crops of maize and soybean, for which the country is the world's largest exporter. Meanwhile, the dry summer in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan has contributed to projected wheat production losses.
The abrupt food price increases turned favourable price prospects for the year upside down. World Bank experts do not currently foresee a repeat of 2008; however, negative factors -- such as exporters pursuing panic policies, a severe El Nino, disappointing Southern Hemisphere crops, or strong increases in energy prices - could cause significant further grain prices hikes such as those experienced four years ago.
Droughts have severe economic, poverty and nutritional effects. In Malawi, for instance, it is projected that future severe droughts observed once in 25 years could increase poverty by 17 per cent, hitting rural poor communities the hardest. And in India, dismal losses from droughts occurred between 1970 and 2002 to have reduced 60-80 per cent of households' normal yearly incomes in the affected communities.
"We cannot allow these historic price hikes to turn into a lifetime of perils as families take their children out of school and eat less nutritious food to compensate for the high prices," said Kim. "Countries must strengthen their targeted programmes to ease the pressure on the most vulnerable population, and implement the right policies."
"The World Bank has stepped up its support to agriculture to its highest level in 20 years, and will keep helping countries respond to the food price hikes," continued Kim.
The World Bank's support for agriculture in fiscal year 2012 was over $9 billion - a level not reached in the past two decades. The Bank is also coordinating with UN agencies through the High-level Task Force on the global food security crisis and with non-governmental organisations, as well as supporting the partnership for Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) to improve food market transparency and to help governments make informed responses to global food price spikes.
Should the current situation escalate, the World Bank Group stands ready to go even further to assist client countries protect the most vulnerable against future shocks. Measures can include increased agriculture and agriculture-related investment, policy advice, fast-track financing, support for safety nets, the multi-donor Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme, and risk management products.
Programmes and policies to help mitigate food price hikes include safety nets to ensure poor families can afford basic staples, sustained investments in agriculture, the introduction of drought-resistant crop varieties - which have provided large yield and production gains - and keeping international trade open to the export and import of food.
According to Food Price Watch, prices are expected to remain high and volatile in the long-run as a consequence of increasing supply uncertainties, higher demand from a growing population, and the low responsiveness of the food system.
