New research presented at the Neuroscience 2012, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, reveal how the brain's biological mechanisms affect obesity, diabetes, binge eating, and the allure of the high-calorie meal. The findings may help scientists discover new ways to treat diet-related disorders, while raising awareness that diet and obesity affect mental as well as physical health.
Researchers presented five different abstracts exploring the following topics:
Being obese appears to affect cognitive function, requiring more effort to complete a complex decision-making task.
Brain images suggest that when people skip breakfast, the pleasure-seeking part of the brain is activated by pictures of high-calorie food. Skipping breakfast also appears to increase food consumption at lunch, possibly casting doubt on the use of fasting as an approach to diet control.
A study in rats suggests they may be able to curb binge-eating behavior with medication used to keep substance abusers clean and sober.
Amid growing concern that diet-related metabolic disorders such as diabetes impair brain function, an animal study reports that a high-sugar diet may affect insulin receptors in the brain and dull spatial learning and memory skills. But omega-3 supplements may at least partially offset this effect.
Evidence from a rat study suggests that a new compound under development to treat compulsive eating disorders and obesity may be effective at blocking a specific receptor in the brain that triggers food cravings and eating when activated by "food-related cues," such as pictures or smells, irrespective of the body's energy needs.
"These are fascinating studies because they show the brain is an often overlooked yet significant organ in an array of dietary disorders," said press conference moderator Paul Kenny, PhD, of The Scripps Research Institute in Florida, an expert on addiction and obesity. "Many of these findings have the potential to lead to new interventions that can help reduce the ranks of the obese, helping those who struggle daily with dietary decisions reassert control over what they eat."
