Men who consume a diet high in flavonoid-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, may have a 25% lower risk for highly aggressive prostate cancer compared to those who do not eat a plant-based diet, according to new research presented at the International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research.
Prior preclinical studies have shown that flavonoids have beneficial effects against prostate cancer, but few studies have examined the effect of flavonoids on prostate cancer in humans. Researchers at the University of South Carolina’s Arnold School of Public Health conducted a study to determine whether incorporating more plant-based foods and beverages, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs and tea, into the diet offered some protection against aggressive prostate cancer.
The researchers used data from 920 black men and 977 Caucasian men in the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project who were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. Participants completed a self-reported dietary history questionnaire to assess flavonoid intake, which was measured using USDA’s 2011 Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods. Men with the highest total intake of flavonoids had a 25% lower risk for aggressive prostate cancer compared with those men with the lowest flavonoid intake.
“We found that higher total flavonoid intake was associated with reduced odds for aggressive prostate cancer in both African-American and European-American men, but no individual subclass of flavonoids appeared to be protective independently, suggesting that it is important to consume a variety of plant-based foods in the diet, rather than to focus on one specific type of flavonoid or flavonoid-rich food," lead author Susan Steck said.
In addition, the risk for aggressive prostate cancer was even lower in those men younger than 65 and in current smokers with the highest levels of flavonoid intake. Dietary questionnaire results revealed that citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges and grapefruits, tea, grapes, strawberries, onions and cooked greens, were the top contributors to total flavonoid intake among the participants.
“The results support public health recommendations and guidelines from organizations such as the American Institute for Cancer Research to consume a more plant-based diet," Steck said. “In particular, consuming more flavonoid-rich foods may be beneficial for those people who are at increased risk for cancer, such as smokers."
