The American Vegetable Grower magazine asked growers about their crops as part of the 2017 State of the Vegetable Industry survey, and gained a lot of insight into which crops are most commonly grown, and how well those crops are performing.
These were the top vegetable crops reported:
Tomatoes
Peppers
Cucumbers
Zucchini
Leafy Greens
Cabbage
Squash (winter)
Other cole crops
Sweet corn
Broccoli/Cauliflower
One thing to consider when interpreting the list it is ranked by number of farmers growing each crop and not the acreage devoted to each. This may help explain why potatoes don't make the top 10 list.
The list also roughly determines which crops are the most stable this year as well. Among farmers who grow tomatoes 65% reported the crop was holding steady in 2017 which a similar figure of 67% for pepper growers.